01 / Barometric Physics

Density Altitude and Aircraft Performance

How temperature and altitude change takeoff roll and climb, with worked examples and planning steps.

02 / Orographic Dynamics

Mountain Wave Rotor Turbulence

How lee waves form, what warning signs do and do not mean, and how to plan around high terrain.

03 / Atmospheric Thermodynamics

Supercooled Liquid Water (SLW)

Why supercooled droplets freeze on contact, the difference between rime and clear ice, and how to avoid it.